187 lines
5.4 KiB
Markdown
187 lines
5.4 KiB
Markdown
# Seata 分布式事务配置
|
||
|
||
## 概述
|
||
|
||
本目录包含Seata分布式事务的完整配置和示例代码，用于ERP系统的分布式事务管理。
|
||
|
||
### 技术栈
|
||
- Seata Server 1.8.0
|
||
- Spring Cloud Alibaba Seata
|
||
- Docker Compose
|
||
- MySQL 8.0
|
||
- Prometheus + Grafana 监控
|
||
|
||
## 目录结构
|
||
|
||
```
|
||
seata/
|
||
├── server/ # Seata Server部署配置
|
||
│ ├── docker-compose.yml # Docker Compose配置
|
||
│ └── config/ # Seata配置文件
|
||
│ ├── registry.conf # 注册中心配置
|
||
│ └── file.conf # 存储和客户端配置
|
||
├── client/ # Seata客户端配置
|
||
│ ├── seata.yml # 通用Seata配置
|
||
│ ├── order-service/ # 订单服务配置
|
||
│ ├── inventory-service/ # 库存服务配置
|
||
│ └── finance-service/ # 财务服务配置
|
||
├── sql/ # 数据库脚本
|
||
│ ├── store.sql # Seata存储库表
|
||
│ ├── undo_log.sql # AT模式undo_log表
|
||
│ └── business_tables.sql # 业务表结构
|
||
├── example/ # 分布式事务示例
|
||
│ ├── GlobalTransactionalExample.java # 全局事务示例
|
||
│ ├── OrderService.java # 订单服务
|
||
│ ├── InventoryService.java # 库存服务
|
||
│ ├── FinanceService.java # 财务服务
|
||
│ ├── entity/ # 实体类
|
||
│ └── mapper/ # Mapper接口
|
||
└── monitoring/ # 监控配置
|
||
├── prometheus.yml # Prometheus配置
|
||
└── grafana/ # Grafana配置
|
||
```
|
||
|
||
## 快速开始
|
||
|
||
### 1. 启动Seata Server
|
||
|
||
```bash
|
||
cd /root/.openclaw/workspace/erp-java-backend/seata/server
|
||
docker-compose up -d
|
||
```
|
||
|
||
启动后服务端口：
|
||
- Seata Server: 8091 (事务处理), 7091 (控制台)
|
||
- Seata MySQL: 3306
|
||
- Prometheus: 9090
|
||
- Grafana: 3000 (admin/admin123)
|
||
|
||
### 2. 初始化数据库
|
||
|
||
```bash
|
||
# 创建Seata存储库
|
||
mysql -h localhost -u root -proot123 < ../sql/store.sql
|
||
|
||
# 在业务库创建undo_log表
|
||
mysql -h localhost -u root -proot123 order_db < ../sql/undo_log.sql
|
||
mysql -h localhost -u root -proot123 inventory_db < ../sql/undo_log.sql
|
||
mysql -h localhost -u root -proot123 finance_db < ../sql/undo_log.sql
|
||
|
||
# 创建业务表
|
||
mysql -h localhost -u root -proot123 < ../sql/business_tables.sql
|
||
```
|
||
|
||
### 3. 配置微服务
|
||
|
||
在各微服务的 `application.yml` 中添加Seata配置：
|
||
|
||
```yaml
|
||
seata:
|
||
enabled: true
|
||
tx-service-group: default_tx_group
|
||
service:
|
||
vgroup-mapping:
|
||
default_tx_group: default
|
||
grouplist:
|
||
default: 127.0.0.1:8091
|
||
```
|
||
|
||
### 4. 使用分布式事务
|
||
|
||
在需要分布式事务的方法上添加 `@GlobalTransactional` 注解：
|
||
|
||
```java
|
||
@GlobalTransactional(name = "create-order-transaction", timeoutMills = 30000, rollbackFor = Exception.class)
|
||
public String createOrder(Long customerId, Long productId, Integer quantity) {
|
||
// 创建订单
|
||
String orderNo = orderService.createOrder(customerId, productId, quantity);
|
||
|
||
// 扣减库存
|
||
inventoryService.reserveStock(productId, quantity, orderNo);
|
||
|
||
// 扣减余额
|
||
financeService.freezeAmount(customerId, amount, orderNo);
|
||
|
||
return orderNo;
|
||
}
|
||
```
|
||
|
||
## AT模式原理
|
||
|
||
1. **分支事务注册**：微服务在执行本地事务前，向TC注册分支事务
|
||
2. **undo_log记录**：在执行SQL前记录数据前后镜像
|
||
3. **本地事务提交**：SQL与undo_log在同一事务中提交
|
||
4. **全局事务完成**：TM通知TC提交/回滚全局事务
|
||
5. **分支回滚/删除**：TC驱动各分支根据undo_log回滚或删除undo_log
|
||
|
||
## 监控
|
||
|
||
### Prometheus指标
|
||
- `seata_server_transactions_total` - 事务总数
|
||
- `seata_server_branch_transaction_total` - 分支事务总数
|
||
- `seata_server_lock_keys_count` - 全局锁数量
|
||
- `seata_server_heartbeat_timestamp` - 心跳时间戳
|
||
|
||
### Grafana Dashboard
|
||
访问 http://localhost:3000 查看Seata监控面板
|
||
|
||
## 高可用配置
|
||
|
||
### 集群模式
|
||
修改 `docker-compose.yml` 中的 `SEATA_SERVER_MODE`：
|
||
```yaml
|
||
SEATA_SERVER_MODE: cluster
|
||
```
|
||
|
||
### 外部注册中心
|
||
修改 `config/registry.conf` 使用Nacos/ZK等：
|
||
```conf
|
||
registry {
|
||
type = "nacos"
|
||
nacos {
|
||
serverAddr = "127.0.0.1:8848"
|
||
cluster = "default"
|
||
}
|
||
}
|
||
```
|
||
|
||
## 故障恢复
|
||
|
||
### 查看事务状态
|
||
```bash
|
||
curl http://localhost:7091/v1/transaction/global/query?xid=your-xid
|
||
```
|
||
|
||
### 强制回滚
|
||
```bash
|
||
curl -X PUT http://localhost:7091/v1/transaction/global/rollback -d '{"xid":"your-xid"}'
|
||
```
|
||
|
||
### 强制提交
|
||
```bash
|
||
curl -X PUT http://localhost:7091/v1/transaction/global/commit -d '{"xid":"your-xid"}'
|
||
```
|
||
|
||
## 常见问题
|
||
|
||
### 1. 事务超时
|
||
默认超时时间60秒，可在 `@GlobalTransactional(timeoutMills = 30000)` 修改
|
||
|
||
### 2. 脏数据清理
|
||
undo_log保留7天，通过 `undoLogRetentionDays` 配置
|
||
|
||
### 3. 锁等待
|
||
锁重试间隔30ms，最多重试100次，可通过 `lock-retry-interval` 和 `lock-retry-times` 调整
|
||
|
||
## 配置参数
|
||
|
||
| 参数 | 默认值 | 说明 |
|
||
|------|--------|------|
|
||
| `global-session-timeout` | 60000 | 全局事务超时(ms) |
|
||
| `async-commit-timeout` | 10000 | 异步提交超时(ms) |
|
||
| `lock-retry-interval` | 30 | 锁重试间隔(ms) |
|
||
| `lock-retry-times` | 100 | 锁重试次数 |
|
||
| `commit-retry-count` | 5 | 提交重试次数 |
|
||
| `rollback-retry-count` | 5 | 回滚重试次数 |
|
||
| `undo-log-retention-days` | 7 | undo_log保留天数 |
|